Bhagwan Mahaveer Cancer Hospital & Research Centre, Jaipur is a Charitable Hospital, which provides services to cancer afflicted populace of this region at an affordable cost. We provide many benefits to patients who are poor and financially deprived. With our obligator responsibility to the government of Rajasthan, the hospital maintains a financial assistance program for the weaker section of the society through the following practices. IPD:
25% of the beds in the IPD, including investigation and treatment, are reserved for patients who belong to the BPL category, as is defined by the government. This reservation also includes patients referred by Government Hospitals who also receive free treatment. OPD:
For about 25% of the outdoor patients who belong to the economically weaker section of the society, the hospital will provide free services on the basis of the following considerations.
If all of these 25% patients fall under the BPL category and possess the BPL card as issued by their state government, the hospital will provide them their treatment free of cost (excluding medicine)
If the footfall of BPL candidates fall under 25%, the services are then provided to the general public under the General Public Free project by BMCHRC. The enrollment will be decided by the patient welfare officer in consultation with treating doctors and member of Cancer Care. With this, the patient can benefit from all the services that are given to our BPL patients.
Apart from these, other financial assistance programs supported by the hospital includes:
State Government Chief Minister Relief Fund
Prime Minister Relief Fund
A put of the above the hospital also recognized by more than 100 institutions including CGHS, ECHS, Railways, ESI, RGHS & Ayushman Bharat Mahatma Gandhi Rajasthan Swasthya Bima Yojana
BMCHRC has its own Dharamshala complex by the name of “Acharya Hasti Bhawan” that runs 24*7. Made specifically for the attendants and family of the patients, the Dharamshala is located within the hospital premises keeping in mind the convenience.Developed by the Trust itself, the Acharya Hasti Bhawan provides services like:
166 rooms (A.C/Non A.C)
Free Dormitory facility for the underprivileged patient.
Nominal Charges starting from Rs 125 to 950 per day (depending on the category of room Like 2 Bed (AC) – 600, 4 Bed (AC) 950).
Water Cooler on each floor.
Separate kitchen for Patients/attendants staying at the Dharamshala
Canteen, which offers Food @ just Rs. 11 for patient’s attendants
The different types of room/ward at BMCHRC with their tariffs:
Name Of Ward
Bed Charges (Check-Out Time Afternoon 1:00 pm)
Medical ICU
Surgical ICU
Additional Charges
Dr. Visit Charge
Day Care (A/C)
700
–
–
–
–
Day Care Deluxe
1050
–
–
–
–
Economy Ward (A/C)
800
4750
2000
–
400
General Ward (A/C)
1000
4750
2000
–
400
AML Ward (A/C)
1750
4750
2000
–
500
Cubicle Ward
1750
5000
3500
25%
500
Semi Deluxe Room
3000
5500
4500
35%
550
Deluxe Room
6000
6500
6000
50%
800
Super Deluxe Room
9000
6500
6000
100%
900
Note:- 10% Additional Service Charge Will Be Applicable On The Total Bill
All the information/knowledge of the benefits available to BPL and economically weaker patients are displayed throughout the hospital premises. A separate window is reserved for BPL patients at the registration counter for their convenience. Free services provided to these patients include:
Registration
Consultation
Bed charges
Operation Charges
Radiotherapy
Investigations
Radiology
X Ray
CT Scan
Sonography
Mammography
OPG
Colour Doppler
USG Guided FNAC and Biopsy
Pathology
Biochemistry
Haematology
Cytology
Histopathology
IHC
Frozen Section
Microbiology
Clinical Pathology
Nuclear Medicine
PET- CT
Cardiac PET-CT
RT Planning with PET CT based Sentinel node imaging
DTPA Thyroid Scan
Bone Scan
Stress Thallium
Gamma Camera
Blood Bank
RDP
Whole Blood
FFP
Irradiated Blood
Cryoprecipitate
SDP
Other available Investigations
Medicines provided to these patients will be provided at the same price that they were procured at.
BMCHRC hosts a pharmacy at the hospital premises that is open for 24 hours through 365 days of the year to serve the needs of the patients. The pharmacy provides medicines at subsidized rates and considerable discount for all patients. Well equipped with modern infrastructure that facilitates the right storage for valuable medicines and is efficiently managed by a team of professionals, that ensures and maintains appropriate use of all the medicines. The pharmacy maintains all the correct licenses to conform to all necessary requirements and regulations as set by the government.
Visitor Guidelines : All visitors to the hospital are advised to abide by the following rules set by the hospital authority Visiting Hours : Morning – 11.00 AM to 12.00 Noon
Evening – 4.00 PM to 5.30 PM Guidelines
Visitors must park their vehicles in the AREAS MARKED FOR PARKING ONLY.
Visitors are not permitted in non-patient areas. It is highly recommended that this rule must be followed for everyone’s safety.
CHILDREN BELOW 12 YEARS AGE are not permitted in the hospital as attendants as to avoid the spread of any infection.
No flowers/bouquets are permitted inside the hospital.
Please come with minimum essential luggage and personal belongings as the hospital staff is not responsible for the loss of anything.
NO MOBILES in ICU, post-operative ward, linear accelerator, PET CT scan in any departments of the hospital. Please keep your mobiles on silent mode.
Hospital is a No Smoking Zone (use of beedi/cigarette/hookah is strictly prohibited).
Hospital is a tobacco-free zone (use of pan/gutka/khaini/Tobacco is strictly prohibited).
Please make minimum use of lifts. Lifts are for PATIENTS’ MOVEMENT ONLY.
Hospital is A NOISE FREE ZONE. Please help us in maintaining it. Do not talk loudly inside the hospital premises.
Respect the right of other patients and staff of the hospital. Please also ensure that your visitors are considerate of other patients particularly with regards to noise and observe the “visiting hours” schedule of the hospital.
You have the responsibility to be prompt with the payment of your hospital bills and wherever necessary, provide information essential for processing your bills.
Please cooperate with security by following the SECURITY RULES/REGULATIONS OF HOSPITAL.
Relatives/attendants are requested to only EAT IN CANTEEN AREA OF THE HOSPITAL and not in other places of the hospital.
Keep the hospital clean.
Cancer is a group of diseases that are all characterised by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal and mutated cells in the body. Normally, cells grow and divide to produce new cells in a controlled and orderly manner. This controlled cell division is the process that heals wounds and replaces ageing tissues. Cells continue to die, while new cells take their place. However, due to lifestyle, environmental, and/or heredity factors, the body’s normal regulatory control of cell repair and growth is unable to stop the abnormal growth of cells.
Cancer is when these cells begin to accumulate, multiply and form tissue. This extra mass of tissue is called a tumour and is essentially dangerous because cancer cells do not die on their own.
Oncology is the branch of medicine that deals with malignant tumours, that is, cancer.
Cancer is usually categorised and named after the body part it affects, for example, breast cancer or thyroid cancer. Furthermore, cancer is alsy categorised on the basis of its histology, or the type of cancerous cell that is growing. Based on this, the major types of cancer include these:
Oral Cancer
Cancers of the Digestive Tract
Cervical Cancer
Breast Cancer
Blood Cancers (Leukaemia, Lymphoma, Myeloma)
Lung Cancer
Prostate Cancer
Bone Cancer
Brain Cancer
The answer to this question is not straightforward because there are a number of factors that work for a long time, sometimes even an entire lifetime of a person to form a cancer. It develops gradually due to the mixing of several factors like environment, lifestyle, and heredity. However, what truly increases a person’s chances of getting cancer are certain risk factors.Most of the cases, almost 80%, are related to these risk factors, that are identified as smoking and drinking habits, improper diet, and exposure to radiation or cancer causing agents (carcinogens). Some common carcinogens known to increase the risk through exposure are these:
Air pollutants
Water pollutants
Tobacco
Diet
Food additives
Heterocyclic amines in cooked meats
Nitrate in drinking water
Alcohol
Radiation
Chemicals and other substances at the workplace
Hormone replacement therapy
Sunlight
Pesticides
Now some people are more sensitive to these risk factors while some others are less sensitive to them. However, this distinction is made by a person’s genetics and hereditary factors. However, it is important to be aware of these risk factors even though not everyone is at a high risk of developing cancer. The information is important to protect ourselves so we can avoid such risk factors while we can and by getting regular checkups.
Most cancers are caused by a variable mix of heredity and environment. While an inherited defect can lead to cancer clusters in multiple members of certain families, the age at which cancers first appear will differ among these relatives based on the exposure to risk factors. Even cancers like lung cancers caused by smoking, which is an external factor, is still largely influenced by inheritance of modified genes, which also modify an individual’s risk of getting cancer. By studying the relationship between heredity and environment factors, and identifying the gene carriers in a family, the incidence and mortality rate of cancer can be reduced largely by early screening and timely treatment. However, identifying gene carriers in cancer-free populations is a new concept with many clinical, ethical, legal and psychosocial implications yet to be explored Knowledge about cancer genetics is rapidly expanding, with implications for all aspects of cancer management, including prevention, screening, and treatment.
Tumour grade is the reference to the degree of the abnormality of cancer cells in comparison to normal cells. It is also a feature of the histology of the cancer. It is one of the primary things that doctors consider when they develop a personalised plan for a cancer patient, as cancer affects everyone differently. It is a categorisation that describes the differentiation of tumour cells. Ranging from Grade 1 to Grade 4, it is a measure of severity of cancer in simple words. Grade 1 tumours are often well-differentiated or low-grade Tumours, and are generally considered the least aggressive in behavior. Grade 4 cancer is the opposite, with usually poorly differentiated or undifferentiated high-grade Tumours, which are generally the most aggressive in behavior.
For a more personalised and effective treatment, oncologists also need correct information about the extent of spread or the stage of cancer. This, paired with the histology of the cancer cells increases the effectiveness of a treatment plan. Staging of cancer is the process of determining the location of cancer at the time of diagnosis. The American Joint Commission on Cancer (AJC) is the most widely used cancer staging system. The stage is determined by measuring the size of the primary Tumour (T), the extent of lymph node involvement (N), and the absence or presence of METASTASIS (M). This is referred to as the TNM Staging System. Most types of cancer can be staged as Stage I, II, II, & IV. While Stage I is an early Tumour, Stage IV indicates advanced disease. This staging provides a uniformity in the reporting and treatment of cancer for cases around the world.
In a majority of cases, cancer can be identified at a much earlier stage, well before it even begins to show symptoms. Checking for cancer in a person without symptoms, is thus, called cancer screening. It contains physical examinations, lab tests, and an examination of internal organs either directly or indirectly.
Because there are so many different types and classifications, there is not a very well defined set of symptoms that are related to cancer. In fact, most cancers initially do not show any symptoms. This goes on to say cancer symptoms in the initial stages are invisible and painless. Don’t wait to feel pain because early stage cancer usually does not cause pain. There are 7 signs and symptoms which are usually associated with cancer all across the country:
Persistant hoarse voice or nagging cough
Difficulty or pain in swallowing
Changes in bowel or bladder habits
A sore that does not heal
Unusual bleeding or discharge
Lump or swelling in any part of the body
Obvious change in a wart or mole
However, a presence of these symptoms may not necessarily mean cancer and may not actually lead to cancer. But the only person who can make that distinction is a doctor. Go for regular screenings and tests if these symptoms persist for a long time.
No, cancer is not a contagious condition and does not spread from one person to another. Isolation, distancing, or separation from a cancer patient is not necessary unless it is specifically advised by the physician.
The most common type of Urinary Bladder Cancer is transitional cell carcinoma, which
lines the inside of the bladder. This type of cancer is also called Urothelial Carcinoma.
Other types of bladder cancer include Squamous Cell Carcinoma (cancer that begins in
thin, flat cells lining the bladder) and Adenocarcinoma (cancer that begins in cells that
make and release mucus and other fluids).
People who smoke have an increased risk of Bladder Cancer. Being exposed to certain
chemicals and having chronic bladder infections can also increase the risk of Bladder
Cancer.
The most common sign of Bladder Cancer is blood in the urine. Bladder Cancer is often
diagnosed at an early stage when the cancer is easier to treat.
Most cases of lung cancer are caused by smoking. Lung cancer is the leading cause of
death from cancer.
The two main types of lung cancer are Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Small Cell Lung
Cancer. The types are based on the way the cells look under a microscope. Non-Small
Cell Lung Cancer is more common than Small Cell Lung Cancer.
The brain and spinal cord make up the central nervous system (CNS). Brain and spinal
cord tumours are growths of abnormal cells in tissues of the brain or spinal cord.
Tumours that start in the brain are called Primary Brain Tumours. A tumour that starts in
another part of the body and spreads to the brain is called a metastatic Brain Tumour.
Brain and spinal cord tumours may be either benign (non-cancerous) or malignant
(cancerous).
Both benign and malignant tumours cause signs and symptoms and need treatment.
Benign brain and spinal cord tumours grow and press on nearby areas of the brain but
rarely spread into other parts of the brain. Malignant brain and spinal cord tumours are
likely to grow quickly and spread into other parts of the brain.
There are many types of brain and spinal cord tumours. They form in different cell types
and different areas of the brain and spinal cord. The signs and symptoms of brain and
spinal cord tumours depend on where the tumour forms, its size, how fast it is growing,
and the age of the patient.
Brain and spinal cord tumours can occur in both adults and children. The types of
tumours that form and the way they are treated are different in children and adults.
The prognosis (chance of recovery) depends on many factors, including age, Tumour
size, Tumour type, and where the Tumour is in the CNS.
The breast is made up of glands called lobules that can make milk and thin tubes called
ducts that carry the milk from the lobules to the nipple. Breast tissue also contains fat and
connective tissue, lymph nodes, and blood vessels.
The most common type of breast cancer is Ductal Carcinoma, which begins in the cells of
the ducts. Breast cancer can also begin in the cells of the lobules and in other tissues in
the breast. Ductal Carcinoma in situ is a condition in which abnormal cells are found in
the lining of the ducts but they haven’t spread outside the duct. Breast cancer that has
spread from where it began in the ducts or lobules to surrounding tissue is called invasive
breast cancer. In inflammatory breast cancer, the breast looks red and swollen and feels
warm because the cancer cells block the lymph vessels in the skin.
The cervix is the lower, narrow end of the uterus (the organ where a fetus grows). The
cervix leads from the uterus to the vagina (birth canal).
The main types of Cervical Cancer are Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Adenocarcinoma.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma begins in the thin, flat cells that line the cervix.
Adenocarcinoma begins in cervical cells that make mucus and other fluids.
Long-lasting infections with certain types of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) cause almost
all cases of Cervical Cancer. Vaccines that protect against infection with these types of
HPV can greatly reduce the risk of Cervical Cancer. Having a Pap test to check for
abnormal cells in the cervix or a test to check for HPV can find cells that may become
Cervical Cancer. These cells can be treated before cancer forms.
Cervical Cancer can usually be cured if it is found and treated in the early stages.
Colorectal Cancer is cancer that starts in the colon or rectum. The colon and the rectum
are parts of the large intestine, which is the lower part of the body’s digestive system.
During digestion, food moves through the stomach and small intestine into the colon. The
colon absorbs water and nutrients from the food and stores waste matter (stool). Stool
moves from the colon into the rectum before it leaves the body.
Most Colorectal Cancers are Adenocarcinomas (cancers that begin in cells that make and
release mucus and other fluids). Colorectal CANCER often begins as a growth called a
polyp, which may form on the inner wall of the colon or rectum. Some polyps become
cancer over time. Finding and removing polyps can prevent Colorectal Cancer.
Esophageal Cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of
the esophagus. The esophagus is a muscular tube that moves food and liquids from the
throat to the stomach.
The most common types of Esophageal Cancer are Squamous Cell Carcinoma and
Adenocarcinoma. Squamous Cell Carcinoma begins in flat cells lining the esophagus.
Adenocarcinoma begins in cells that make and release mucus and other fluids.
Smoking and heavy alcohol use increase the risk of esophageal Squamous Cell
Carcinoma. Gastroesophageal reflux disease and Barrett esophagus may increase the risk
of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma.
Esophageal cancer is often diagnosed at an advanced stage because there are no early
signs or symptoms.
The prostate gland makes fluid that forms part of semen. The prostate lies just below the
bladder in front of the rectum. It surrounds the urethra (the tube that carries urine and
semen through the penis and out of the body).
Almost all prostate cancers are adenocarcinomas (cancers that begin in cells that make
and release mucus and other fluids). Prostate cancer often has no early symptoms.
Advanced prostate cancer can cause men to urinate more often or have a weaker flow of
urine, but these symptoms can also be caused by benign prostate conditions.
Prostate Cancer usually grows very slowly. Most men with prostate cancer are older than
65. Talk to your doctor about your risk of prostate cancer and whether you need
screening tests.
There are two kidneys, one on each side of the spine, above the waist. The kidneys clean
the blood to take out waste and make urine. Urine collects in the renal pelvis, the area at
the center of the kidney, and then passes through the ureter, into the bladder, and out of
the body. The kidneys also make hormones that help control blood pressure and signal
the bone marrow to make red blood cells when needed.
There are three main types of kidney cancer. Renal Cell Cancer is the most common type
in adults and Wilms Tumours are the most common in children. These types form in the
tissues of the kidney that make urine. Transitional Cell Cancer forms in the renal pelvis
and ureter in adults.
Smoking and taking certain pain medicines for a long time can increase the risk of adult
kidney cancer. Certain inherited disorders can increase the risk of kidney cancer in
children and adults. These include von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, Hereditary
Leiomyomatosis and Renal Cell Cancer, Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome, and Hereditary
Papillary Renal Cancer.
Kidney Tumours may be benign or malignant.
Bone cancer is a malignant Tumour that arises from the cells that make up the bones of
the body. This is also known as Primary Bone Cancer. When cancer is detected in bones,
it either originated in the bones (as in primary bone cancer) or has spread to the bone
after originating elsewhere (cancer that has metastasized to bone).
Breast, prostate, and lung cancers are among the types of cancers that commonly spread
to the bone in their advanced stages.
Bone cancers are more common in children and younger adults than in older people.
Cancer found in the bones of an older adult usually has spread to the bone after
originating from another location in the body.
Pain is the most common symptom of bone cancer. The pain may initially develop at
certain times of the day, often at night, or with physical activity. The pain tends to
progress and worsen over time.
Leukemia is cancer of the blood cells. Most blood cells form in the bone marrow. In
leukemia, immature blood cells become cancer. These cells do not work the way they
should and they crowd out the healthy blood cells in the bone marrow.
Different types of leukemia depend on the type of blood cell that becomes cancer. For
example, Lymphoblastic Leukemia is a cancer of the Lymphoblasts (white blood cells,
which fight infection). White blood cells are the most common type of blood cell to
become cancer. But red blood cells (cells that carry oxygen from the lungs to the rest of
the body) and platelets (cells that clot the blood) may also become cancer.
Leukemia occurs most often in adults older than 55 years, but it is also the most common
cancer in children younger than 15 years.
Leukemia can be either acute or chronic. Acute leukemia is a fast-growing cancer that
usually gets worse quickly. Chronic leukemia is a slower-growing cancer that gets worse
slowly over time. The treatment and prognosis for leukemia depend on the type of blood
cell affected and whether the leukemia is acute or chronic.
The thyroid is a gland at the base of the throat near the windpipe. It is shaped like a
butterfly, with a right lobe and a left lobe. A thin piece of tissue connects the two lobes.
The thyroid makes hormones that help control heart rate, blood pressure, body
temperature, and weight.
There are four types of thyroid cancer. These are papillary, follicular, medullary, and
anaplastic thyroid cancer. Papillary is the most common type of thyroid cancer.
Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer is hard to cure with current treatment. Other types of thyroid
cancer can usually be cured.
Being exposed to radiation to the head and neck as a child increases the risk of Thyroid
Cancer. Having certain genetic conditions such as Familial Medullary Thyroid Cancer,
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2A Syndrome, and Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia
Type 2B Syndrome can also increase the risk of Thyroid Cancer.
The liver has many important functions in the body. For example, it cleans toxins from
the blood, makes bile that helps digest fat, makes substances that help blood clot, and
makes, stores, and releases sugar for energy.
Primary Liver Cancer is cancer that starts in the liver. The most common type of Primary
Liver Cancer is Hepatocellular Carcinoma, which occurs in the tissue of the liver. When
cancer starts in other parts of the body and spreads to the liver, it is called liver
metastasis.
Liver Cancer is rare in children and teenagers, but there are two types of liver cancer that
can form in children. Hepatoblastoma occurs in younger children, and Hepatocellular
Carcinoma occurs in older children and teenagers.
The bile ducts are tubes that carry bile between the liver and gallbladder and the intestine.
Bile duct cancer is also called Cholangiocarcinoma. When it begins in the bile ducts
inside the liver, it is called Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma. When it begins in the bile
ducts outside the liver, it is called Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma. Extrahepatic
Cholangiocarcinoma is much more common than Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma.
Head and neck cancers are cancers that start in the tissues and organs of the head and
neck. They include cancers of the larynx (voice box), throat, lips, mouth, nose, and
salivary glands.
Most head and neck cancers begin in squamous cells, which are cells that line moist
surfaces such as those inside the head and neck (for example, the mouth, nose, and
throat). Salivary glands have many different types of cells that can become cancer so
there are many different types of salivary gland cancer.
Tobacco use, heavy alcohol use, and infection with Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
increase the risk of many types of head and neck cancer.
To get the right information about treatment and prognosis, you need to know exactly
what type of head and neck cancer you have and what stage it is.
Bhagwan Mahaveer Cancer Hospital & Research Centre
(Managed by K. G. Kothari Memorial Trust) Jawahar Lal Nehru Marg, Jaipur 302017, India.