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A brain tumor diagnosis can be life-changing, bringing fear, uncertainty, and numerous questions. The good news is that medical advancements have made brain tumor surgery safer and more effective, giving patients a better chance of recovery.
For many people, surgery is the first and most important step in treating a brain tumor. It aims to remove as much of the tumor as possible while preserving brain function. But undergoing brain surgery is a major decision that requires understanding the procedure, risks, recovery process, and long-term outcomes.
Brain tumor surgery is a medical procedure to remove or reduce abnormal growths in the brain. These tumors can be either benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Benign tumors grow slowly and do not spread to other parts of the body, while malignant tumors grow aggressively and may spread to other areas.
A brain tumor can put pressure on the brain, affect normal functions, and cause symptoms like headaches, seizures, vision problems, memory loss, or difficulty speaking. Surgery is performed to remove the tumor, relieve symptoms, and improve the patient's overall health.
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Brain tumor surgery is recommended for several reasons. If the tumor is accessible and removable without causing severe damage, surgery can be curative. In cases where complete removal is not possible, reducing the tumor size can relieve symptoms and improve the effectiveness of other treatments. Large tumors can press against the brain, causing pain, seizures, or neurological problems, so removing them can help alleviate these issues.
In some cases, if the tumor cannot be removed, a small portion is extracted for testing to determine the best treatment approach. Even partial tumor removal can help reduce symptoms and improve the quality of life.
Read Also: Types of Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors & Treatments
Brain tumor surgery is not a one-size-fits-all procedure. The type of surgery depends on the tumor’s location, size, and impact on surrounding brain tissues.
Craniotomy is the most common type of brain tumor surgery, where a portion of the skull is temporarily removed to access the brain. The surgeon carefully removes the tumor and then replaces the bone flap. It is used for most types of brain tumors, including deep-seated ones, and recovery time ranges from four to eight weeks.
Endoscopic brain surgery is a minimally invasive technique where a small tube with a camera (endoscope) is inserted through the skull or nose to remove the tumor. It is commonly used for tumors near the base of the skull or pituitary gland, and recovery is faster, often within two to three weeks.
Stereotactic biopsy is used when a tumor is located in a difficult-to-reach area. A small needle is inserted through a tiny hole in the skull to extract a tissue sample, helping doctors identify the tumor type and decide on further treatment. Recovery usually takes a few days.
Awake brain surgery, also known as awake craniotomy, is a unique procedure where the patient is kept awake during surgery to ensure important brain functions like speech or movement are not affected. The patient interacts with the surgeon to help guide the procedure. It is commonly used for tumors near speech, movement, or vision areas, with a recovery time of four to six weeks.
Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is a high-tech procedure that uses laser heat to shrink tumors without removing them. It is done through a small hole in the skull, reducing surgical risks. It is used for small, deep tumors or those that are inoperable by traditional surgery, with a recovery time of one to two weeks.
While brain tumor surgery is often life-saving, it comes with potential risks. The brain is a delicate organ, and any surgery carries the possibility of complications.
Some common risks include infection or bleeding, though these are rare. Brain swelling, known as edema, may require medication or further treatment. Some patients may experience weakness, speech difficulties, or memory loss depending on the area of the brain affected. Seizures are another possible complication, as well as changes in vision or movement if the tumor is near vision or motor-control areas.
Doctors take every precaution to minimize risks and ensure a safe procedure. Patients are closely monitored after surgery to detect and manage any complications early.
After surgery, patients typically stay in the hospital for a few days to a week. During this time, the medical team closely monitors brain function, swelling, and overall recovery. Patients may experience temporary confusion, headaches, nausea, or difficulty speaking. MRI or CT scans will be performed to check if the tumor was fully removed, and medications for pain, swelling, and seizures may be prescribed.
Long-term recovery varies from person to person. Some may feel better within weeks, while others may take months to regain full function. Physical therapy is often recommended to help regain strength and movement, especially if mobility was affected. Speech and cognitive therapy can help improve memory, problem-solving skills, and language abilities.
Medication management is essential, as patients may need anti-seizure drugs, steroids for swelling, or pain relievers. Lifestyle adjustments, such as getting plenty of rest, staying hydrated, eating a healthy diet, and avoiding strenuous activities, play a significant role in the healing process.
Even after successful brain tumor surgery, some patients may require further treatment. Radiation therapy is used to kill any remaining tumor cells, while chemotherapy helps shrink tumors or prevent regrowth. Targeted therapy, a newer treatment, attacks specific cancer cells and can be an option for some patients.
Regular follow-ups with a neurosurgeon and oncologist are essential to monitor progress and prevent recurrence. Routine brain scans help detect any signs of tumor regrowth early, allowing timely intervention.
Many patients go on to live a fulfilling life after surgery. However, adjustments may be needed based on long-term effects. Some may experience mild memory problems or personality changes, which can be managed with rehabilitation and lifestyle modifications. Work and daily activities may need to be adjusted based on recovery progress, and patients should maintain regular medical check-ups to ensure continued brain health.
With proper care and support, most people regain independence and enjoy a high quality of life post-surgery. Advances in treatment and rehabilitation have significantly improved outcomes, offering hope to those diagnosed with brain tumors.
Brain tumor surgery is a significant step in treating brain tumors, offering hope, relief, and a chance for recovery. While the journey involves challenges, advancements in surgical techniques and rehabilitation make the process smoother.
If you or a loved one is facing brain tumor surgery, understanding the procedure and recovery can ease fears and help in making informed decisions. With the right medical support and a positive mindset, life after brain tumor surgery can be fulfilling and meaningful.
